Understanding TESA
Sperm are produced inside small tubules within the testis. In TESA, a needle is inserted into the testis to draw out tiny samples of tissue, which are examined in the laboratory for sperm.
TESA may be used when PESA is not suitable or has not found sperm, and in some cases where sperm production is reduced.
Who may need this?
It may be considered in situations such as the following. Suitability is always decided after individual assessment.
- Men with azoospermia, after specialist evaluation.
- When sperm were not found through PESA.
- Some men with obstructive azoospermia where the epididymis is not suitable for aspiration.
How does it work?
- 01
Assessment
Hormone tests, examination and sometimes scans and genetic tests.
- 02
Anaesthesia
Local anaesthesia, sometimes with sedation.
- 03
Aspiration
A fine needle collects small samples of testicular tissue.
- 04
Laboratory processing
Tissue is processed to look for sperm, which may be used for ICSI or frozen.
Potential benefits
- Can find sperm when none are present in the ejaculate.
- Minimally invasive compared with open surgical biopsy.
Important considerations
- When sperm production itself is very low, sperm may not be found; further options would then be discussed.
- Possible risks include pain, bruising, bleeding or infection.
- Sperm obtained require ICSI.
Preparation and recovery
- Complete recommended blood and genetic tests beforehand.
- Follow fasting advice if sedation is planned.
After the procedure
- Expect some tenderness for several days.
- Supportive underwear, rest and pain relief as advised.
- Seek advice for increasing swelling, fever or severe pain.
This information is educational and does not replace an individual medical consultation. Outcomes vary and no treatment can guarantee a particular result.
